期刊
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
卷 49, 期 16, 页码 -出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2022GL099436
关键词
breaking waves; entrainment; bubbles; microplastics
资金
- Division of Ocean Sciences of the National Science Foundation [OCE2122042, OCE1829660]
- Collaborative Institute for Modeling the Earth System
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship
In this study, we experimentally investigate the depth distributions and dynamics of air bubbles entrained by breaking waves using high-resolution imaging and three-dimensional bubble tracking. We find that the bubble concentration decays exponentially with depth below the wave troughs. Additionally, we discover that the flow field induced by the breaking waves enhances the transport of bubbles, which is relevant for the transport of bubbles, oil droplets, and microplastics at the ocean surface.
We experimentally investigate the depth distributions and dynamics of air bubbles entrained by breaking waves in a wind-wave channel over a range of breaking wave conditions using high-resolution imaging and three-dimensional bubble tracking. Below the wave troughs, the bubble concentration decays exponentially with depth. Patches of entrained bubbles are identified for each breaking wave, and statistics describing the horizontal and vertical transport are presented. Aggregating our results, we find a stream-wise transport faster than the associated Stokes drift and modified Stokes drift for buoyant particles, which is an effect not accounted for in current models of bubble transport. This enhancement in transport is attributed to the flow field induced by the breaking waves and is relevant for the transport of bubbles, oil droplets, and microplastics at the ocean surface.
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