期刊
GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
卷 14, 期 7, 页码 -出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac082
关键词
snake genomics; Viperidae; venom evolution; gene family expansion
资金
- National Science Foundation [DUE 1161228, DEB 1638879, DEB 1822417, DEB 1638902]
- Clemson University Genomics and Bioinformatics Facility - Institutional Development Awards (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [P20GM109094, P20GM139767]
In this study, the genome of Fea's Viper was sequenced, assembled, and annotated, providing important insights into the venom composition and gene family diversification. Population analysis revealed that the population size of Fea's Viper has remained stable over the past 100,000 years. This newly assembled genome will serve as a valuable resource for studying phenotypic evolution and understanding the diversification of venom toxin gene families.
Despite the medical significance to humans and important ecological roles filled by vipers, few high-quality genomic resources exist for these snakes outside of a few genera of pitvipers. Here we sequence, assemble, and annotate the genome of Fea's Viper (Azemiops feae). This taxon is distributed in East Asia and belongs to a monotypic subfamily, sister to the pitvipers. The newly sequenced genome resulted in a 1.56 Gb assembly, a contig N50 of 1.59 Mb, with 97.6% of the genome assembly in contigs >50 Kb, and a BUSCO completeness of 92.4%. We found that A. feae venom is primarily composed of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) proteins expressed by genes that likely arose from lineage-specific PLA(2) gene duplications. Additionally, we show that renin, an enzyme associated with blood pressure regulation in mammals and known from the venoms of two viper species including A. feae, is expressed in the venom gland at comparative levels to known toxins and is present in the venom proteome. The cooption of this gene as a toxin may be more widespread in viperids than currently known. To investigate the historical population demographics of A. feae, we performed coalescent-based analyses and determined that the effective population size has remained stable over the last 100 kyr. This suggests Quaternary glacial cycles likely had minimal influence on the demographic history of A. feae. This newly assembled genome will be an important resource for studying the genomic basis of phenotypic evolution and understanding the diversification of venom toxin gene families.
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