Fast automated method for the direct determination of total antimony in grape juice samples by hydride generation and atomic fluorescence spectrometric detection without external pretreatment

Matrix complexity of fruit juices and their low antimony level requires sensitive, cost-effective instruments, time-consuming and error-prone sample pretreatment methods. Therefore, a flow-batch procedure (HG-FBA-AFS) was developed for the fast and sensitive determination of total inorganic Sb in grape juice samples by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The sample pretreatment, pre-reduction and stibine formation steps run through the mixing chamber. The HCl and NaBH4 concentrations, and carrier gas flowrate were optimized through a Box-Behnken design. The detection limit (LOD) was 20 ng L-1, intra and inter-day precision ranged in 3.0 - 3.5 %, and low errors within (- 2.4 to 6.6 %) for samples containing 1.23 - 4.58 mu g L-1 total Sb. Both HG-FBA-AFS and reference method agreed at 95% confidence level. An 87 h(-1) sample throughput, and a 1.15 mL total waste per determination attest that HG-FBA-AFS is a fast, and ecofriendly tool for determining Sb in grape juices.

Automated summary

This study developed a fast and sensitive method for the determination of inorganic antimony in grape juice samples. The method allows for quick sample pretreatment and analysis, and provides accurate and reliable results. The method is environmentally friendly and efficient for handling and analyzing a large number of samples.