4.5 Article

Ecological constraints on highly evolvable olfactory receptor genes and morphology in neotropical bats

期刊

EVOLUTION
卷 76, 期 10, 页码 2347-2360

出版社

OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1111/evo.14591

关键词

Chemosensation; evolvability; gene family; morphology; olfaction

资金

  1. American Society of Mammalogists
  2. Explorer's Club
  3. Society for the Study of Evolution Rosemary Grant
  4. National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship
  5. National Science Foundation [DEB 1442278, DEB 1701414, PRFB 1812035, IOS 2032073, DEB 1838273, DEB 1442142, DEB 1442314, DBI 1458641]
  6. European Research Council [310482]
  7. LSI ECR bridging fund
  8. CIPRES Science Gateway
  9. SeaWulf computing system from Stony Brook Research Computing and Cyberinfrastructure
  10. Institute for Advanced Computational Science at Stony Brook University by National Science Foundation [OAC 1531492]
  11. AMNH Taxonomic Mammalogy Fund

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Although evolvability of genes and traits may promote specialization during species diversification, how ecology subsequently restricts such variation remains unclear. The study on bats suggests that exceptional variation in olfactory genes and phenotypes may have preceded dietary diversification, and increased reliance on smell has led to stabilizing selection as an ecological constraint.
Although evolvability of genes and traits may promote specialization during species diversification, how ecology subsequently restricts such variation remains unclear. Chemosensation requires animals to decipher a complex chemical background to locate fitness-related resources, and thus the underlying genomic architecture and morphology must cope with constant exposure to a changing odorant landscape; detecting adaptation amidst extensive chemosensory diversity is an open challenge. In phyllostomid bats, an ecologically diverse clade that evolved plant visiting from a presumed insectivorous ancestor, the evolution of novel food detection mechanisms is suggested to be a key innovation, as plant-visiting species rely strongly on olfaction, supplementarily using echolocation. If this is true, exceptional variation in underlying olfactory genes and phenotypes may have preceded dietary diversification. We compared olfactory receptor (OR) genes sequenced from olfactory epithelium transcriptomes and olfactory epithelium surface area of bats with differing diets. Surprisingly, although OR evolution rates were quite variable and generally high, they are largely independent of diet. Olfactory epithelial surface area, however, is relatively larger in plant-visiting bats and there is an inverse relationship between OR evolution rates and surface area. Relatively larger surface areas suggest greater reliance on olfactory detection and stronger constraint on maintaining an already diverse OR repertoire. Instead of the typical case in which specialization and elaboration are coupled with rapid diversification of associated genes, here the relevant genes are already evolving so quickly that increased reliance on smell has led to stabilizing selection, presumably to maintain the ability to consistently discriminate among specific odorants-a potential ecological constraint on sensory evolution.

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