Electrical properties of Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 ceramics with TiO2 addition

The crystal structure, microstructure, dielectric properties and energy storage properties of Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BCZT) ceramics with various TiO2 (0%, 1%, 8%, 40%, 50%, 60%) addition ceramics were discussed. Although the perovskite structure remained in samples with low content of TiO2, the secondary phase Ba2Ti5.5O13 appeared in samples with high TiO2 content. According to SEM results, the addition of TiO2 resulted in a significant decrease in the average grain size. With the addition of TiO2, the phase transition temperature, corresponding to Curie temperature (T-c) of BCZT ceramics shifts to lower temperature. Compared with the pure BCZT ceramic, the higher impedance and slimmer hysteresis loops were realized in ceramics with high TiO2 content. The relatively large energy storage density (W-rec similar to 0.52 J/cm(3)) together with energy storage efficiency (eta similar to 74.84%) were achieved in ceramic with 40% TiO2 content. When the concentration of TiO2 further increases, the energy storage efficiency increased, but the energy storage density declined. The present research provides a method to improve the energy storage performance of BCZT ceramics.

Automated summary

The crystal structure, microstructure, dielectric properties and energy storage properties of BCZT ceramics with different TiO2 additions were investigated. The addition of TiO2 resulted in the appearance of a secondary phase in high TiO2 content ceramics. SEM analysis revealed a decrease in average grain size with TiO2 addition. The phase transition temperature of BCZT ceramics shifted to lower temperature with TiO2 addition. Ceramics with high TiO2 content exhibited higher impedance and slimmer hysteresis loops. A relatively large energy storage density and efficiency were achieved in ceramics with 40% TiO2 content.