Treatments for psoriasis: A journey from classical to advanced therapies. How far have we reached?

Psoriasis is considered an autoimmune, inflammatory disorder with a genetic basis. The underlying aetiology is yet unclear. Evidence suggests the congregation of immune cells and their secreted inflammatory cytokines, leukocytes, and other inflammation-promoting factors in large amounts within the epidermal layers of the skin, driving an inflammatory milieu. Although psoriasis is not a fatal condition, patients experience severe pain and suffering. It has a debilitating effect on the physiological and psychological state of the patient. Its distinguishing features are inflammation, formation of plaques on the skin and hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. Therapeutic strategies for treating psoriasis witnessed a radical improvement from traditional therapies to the approval of specific therapies like biologics and small molecules. The emerging evidence about new pharmacological targets and mechanisms in psoriasis has widened the scope for expanding therapeutic strategies. Our review discusses the existing treatments for plaque psoriasis and updates on therapies based on novel pharmacological targets in clinical development.

Automated summary

Psoriasis is an autoimmune, inflammatory disorder with an unclear underlying cause. Immune cells and inflammatory cytokines are found in large amounts within the skin, contributing to inflammation. The condition has a significant impact on patients' physical and psychological well-being, with inflammation, plaque formation, and excessive keratinocyte growth being key features. Therapeutic strategies have improved with the introduction of specific therapies, and research is expanding the potential for new pharmacological targets in psoriasis treatment.