期刊
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
卷 2022, 期 25, 页码 -出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200313
关键词
Alloys; Amalgams; Fusible metals; Gallium; Liquid metals; Metallurgy
资金
- (legs under) in the department of The International School of Advanced Materials of South China University of Technology
- Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation [2020B1515020045]
- Shenzhen Municipality Science and Technology Planning Project [SGLH20180622151607182]
This article reviews the technological developments of fusible and liquid metals, covering their history, current research, and industrial applications. The focus is on gallium-based alloys, highlighting important milestones and recent advancements, as well as their potential for future applications.
Liquid metals are a class of materials with a millennia-long history, albeit until 200 years ago, mostly centered on mercury-based applications. The knowledge of mercury's toxicity and the discovery of it's bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the late 20(th) century resulted in phasing out mercury for copious application. Lead-based, bismuth-based, and sodium-based technology has partially replaced mercury, but due to toxicity or reactivity issues, replacements for lead and sodium are sought. The discovery of indium and, especially, gallium has allowed for the third generation of alloys with a melting point close to room temperature. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the technological developments of fusible and liquid metals, i. e., metals and alloys with melting points below ca. 250 degrees C, from the early days to current research and industrial application. Special emphasis is focused on important steppingstones and recent developments of gallium-based alloys as well as how they could be used for future applications.
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