☆ 4.5 Review

A systematic review of the mental health changes of children and young people before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY (2023)

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The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on child and adolescent mental health: systematic review

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Summary: This study reviews the existing literature on the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on the mental health of children and adolescents. The findings show that anxiety and depression symptoms are common, and children and adolescents frequently experience irritability and anger. Special needs, pre-existing mental disorders, and excessive media exposure are significant risk factors for anxiety, while good parent-child communication can be protective.

EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY (2023)

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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life and mental health in children and adolescents in Germany

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Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health and health-related quality of life of children and adolescents in Germany. Over two-thirds of the participants reported being highly burdened by the pandemic, with those from low socioeconomic backgrounds, with migration backgrounds, and limited living spaces being significantly more affected.

EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY (2022)

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Editorial Material Psychology, Developmental

Editorial Perspective: The mental health impact of school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic

Marcela Almeida et al.

Summary: School closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic have had significant negative impacts on children and adolescents, including increased screen time, disrupted sleep patterns, unbalanced diets, learning difficulties, and changes in social interactions. These closures have also led to broader familial challenges such as parental stress, work responsibilities, unemployment, intimate partner violence, child abuse, neglect, and substance abuse. The urgent need for robust data and the potential mental health effects of school closures in the context of the pandemic are emphasized in this discussion.

JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY (2022)

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Review Psychology, Clinical

Review: Mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and youth - a systematic review

Hasina Samji et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative impact on the mental health of children and adolescents, leading to increased fear, depressive and anxious symptoms compared to before the pandemic. Older adolescents, girls, and those with neurodiversities or chronic physical conditions are more likely to experience adverse mental health outcomes, while factors like physical exercise, access to entertainment, positive familial relationships, and social support are associated with better mental health outcomes.

CHILD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH (2022)

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Review Pediatrics

Registered psychiatric service use, self-harm and suicides of children and young people aged 0-24 before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review

Wan Mohd Azam Wan Mohd Yunus et al.

Summary: This systematic review examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychiatric service use, self-harm, and suicide among children and young people. The findings showed a decrease in psychiatric service use and an increase in suicide rate during the early phase of the pandemic. Further research is needed to understand the patterns of service use in later phases of the pandemic.

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Policy stringency and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal analysis of data from 15 countries

Lara B. Aknin et al.

Summary: This study aimed to assess the association between COVID-19 policy restrictions and mental health. The findings showed that more stringent COVID-19 policies were associated with poorer mental health, while elimination strategies minimized transmission and deaths but restricted mental health effects.

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Julia A. Knight et al.

Summary: The study found that anxiety reported by mothers was associated with earlier onset of breast and pubic hair development in girls, but not with early menarche. This suggests that increased anxiety in young girls may indicate a risk for earlier puberty onset.

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Violence against children in the time of COVID-19: What we have learned, what remains unknown and the opportunities that lie ahead

Henrietta H. Fore

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Pouria Babvey et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 crisis and the measures adopted may have led to an upsurge in violence against children. The study uses testimonial-based and conversational-based data collected from social media users to analyze the increase in abusive content and references to violence. It found significant growth in violence-related topics and abusive content during the pandemic.

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Review Psychology, Clinical

Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on eating disorders and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Lucia Sideli et al.

Summary: During the COVID-19 confinement, the majority of individuals with EDs and obesity reported symptomatic worsening, with over half of the participants experiencing depression and anxiety. However, pooled analyses of longitudinal studies showed no significant differences in ED symptoms and Body Mass Index from pre-pandemic levels to the first lockdown phase, with only a few studies suggesting increased distress, particularly among individuals with anorexia nervosa. Further longitudinal studies are needed to identify vulnerable groups and the long-term consequences of COVID-19.

EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW (2021)

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Article Pediatrics

Longitudinal increases in childhood depression symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown

Giacomo Bignardi et al.

Summary: This study conducted a longitudinal examination of mental health changes in 168 children aged 7.6-11.6 years in the UK before and during the lockdown from April to June 2020. The results showed a significant increase in depression symptoms during the lockdown, while no significant changes were found in anxiety symptoms and emotional problems.

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Adolescents' Perceived Socio-Emotional Impact of COVID-19 and Implications for Mental Health: Results From a US-Based Mixed-Methods Study

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Summary: Adolescents in the U.S. perceived changes in their social and emotional lives during COVID-19, which were associated with their mental health indicators, especially in terms of increased negative affect and decreased positive affect.

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Depression reported by US adults in 2017-2018 and March and April 2020

Michael Daly et al.

Summary: The study showed that the percentage of US adults with depression increased from 8.7% in 2017-2018 to 10.6% in March 2020 and 14.4% in April 2020. Significant increases in depression levels were observed for all population subgroups except those aged 65+ years and Black participants. Young adults aged 18-34 experienced the largest increase in depression, indicating their vulnerability to the mental health effects of the pandemic.

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Impact of COVID-19 pandemic in pediatric patients with epilepsy with neuropsychiatric comorbidities: A telemedicine evaluation

Ludovica Pasca et al.

Summary: This study evaluates care needs, emotional and behavioral changes, and parental stress indices in pediatric patients with epilepsy with neurocognitive and emotional comorbidities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Concerns for therapy monitoring and altered contact with medical teams emerged in some families, and patients with neurocognitive comorbidities were more likely to exhibit behavioral problems. Monitoring disease trajectory and behavior with telehealth strategies is crucial for effective care.

EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR (2021)

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Depression, anxiety and associated factors among Chinese adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak: a comparison of two cross-sectional studies

Xu Chen et al.

Summary: This study found that during the COVID-19 epidemic, the prevalence of depression and anxiety among Chinese adolescents significantly increased. Female gender, senior secondary school enrollment, and concerns about entering a higher grade were positively associated with depression and anxiety. Conversely, adequate sleep duration, regular exercise, good study efficiency, and living in provinces with fewer confirmed COVID-19 cases were negatively associated with depression and anxiety among adolescents.

TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews

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Summary: The methods and results of systematic reviews should be reported in sufficient detail to allow users to assess trustworthiness. PRISMA 2020 aims to improve the transparency and completeness of systematic review reporting, in hopes of guiding more accurate and transparent reporting.

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Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health measures have had a significant impact on the mental health of children and adolescents, leading to increased stress, worry, and behavioral problems. Interventions such as art-based programs, support services, and clinician-led mental health services have been shown to effectively decrease mental health issues among children and adolescents. Monitoring the impact of the pandemic on young people's mental health and developing tailored strategies to improve outcomes are crucial for addressing long-term consequences.

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COVID-19 and Adolescent Depression and Suicide Risk Screening Outcomes

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Summary: The study shows that depression and suicide risk have increased during the pandemic, especially among female adolescents. The results underscore the importance of consistent depression and suicidality screening.

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The Association Between School Closures and Child Mental Health During COVID-19

Matt Hawrilenko et al.

Summary: This study found that older, Black and Hispanic children, as well as those from lower income families, who attend school remotely may experience greater negative effects on mental health compared to younger, White, and higher-income counterparts. Ensuring access to additional educational and mental health resources for all students should be a key public health priority during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, requiring appropriate funding and workforce support.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Depressive symptoms, mental wellbeing, and substance use among adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland: a longitudinal, population-based study

Ingibjorg Eva Thorisdottir et al.

Summary: The study found that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative impact on adolescent mental health, with an increase in depressive symptoms and worsened mental wellbeing. However, substance use, including cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use, and alcohol intoxication, declined among 15-18-year-olds during the pandemic. This decrease in substance use may serve as a protective factor against future substance use disorders and dependence.

LANCET PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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Article Psychology, Developmental

Physical Distancing Behavior: The Role of Emotions, Personality, Motivations, and Moral Decision-Making

Fabio Alivernini et al.

Summary: The study found that emotional and personality changes during the COVID-19 pandemic were not related to adopting physical distancing behavior among adolescents. Instead, autonomous motivation significantly predicted the likelihood of adopting this behavior. Messages and interventions aimed at adolescents should focus on supporting autonomy, while avoiding using emotion-triggered moral disengagement strategies.

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY (2021)

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Risk and Protective Factors for Prospective Changes in Adolescent Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Natasha R. Magson et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions have had a significant impact on adolescent mental health, leading to increased anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as decreased life satisfaction, particularly among girls. Factors such as COVID-19 related worries, online learning difficulties, and conflict with parents were found to predict increases in mental health problems, while adherence to stay-at-home orders and social connection helped protect against poor mental health.

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The Psychological Impacts of a COVID-19 Outbreak on College Students in China: A Longitudinal Study

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2020)

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Mental Health and Behavior of College Students During the Early Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Smartphone and Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

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