Facile synthesis of MgO nanoparticles for effective degradation of organic dyes

In the present study, we have synthesized magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles by a facile and cost-effective chemical co-precipitation method with annealing at three different temperatures (350 degrees C, 450 degrees C, and 550 degrees C) for the removal of various organic dyes. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the prepared samples are having sizes below 20 nm and with pure phase. Phase transformation of hexagonal Mg(OH)(2) nanoparticles to discretely cubical structured MgO nanoparticles has been observed with increasing the annealing temperatures which is also supported by the TGA/DSC analysis. Mg-O stretching vibration peaks in the range of 400-800 cm(-1) obtained by FTIR spectroscopy support the formation of MgO nanoparticles. The observed Raman active bands for the annealed sample at 550 degrees C confirm the formation of the nanocrystalline phase since these bands are typically absent in the bulk MgO as well as in Mg(OH)(2). The surface morphology of the as-prepared Mg(OH)(2) are aggregated nano-petals which changed into spherical shape for MgO annealed at 550 degrees C as studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The specific surface area of MgO nanoparticles annealed at 550 degrees C using BET isotherms is found to be 37.487 m(2)g(-1). The optical bandgaps of the prepared samples are found to be in the range of 4.4 to 5.1 eV using the Tauc plot. Adsorption studies with a variation of initial brilliant green dye concentration and contact time are carried out along with the studies of adsorption kinetic and isotherm models. Langmuir isotherm model is the most suitable model on the basis of correlation constant with maximum BG dye adsorption capacity onto MgO@550 degrees C which is found to be 63.9 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. Also prepared pristine MgO nanoparticles showed significant photocatalytic performance for the degradation of various dyes; brilliant green (BG: 88.91%), methylene blue (MB: 79.05%), crystal violet (CV: 76.49%), methyl orange (MO: 68.62%), and brilliant blue (BB: 40.44%) under visible irradiation. MgO nanoparticles could be a promising adsorbent and photocatalyst that may be employed in the treatment of effluents from industries.

Automated summary

In this study, magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple and cost-effective method, with annealing at different temperatures. The results showed that the annealing temperature had a significant impact on the size, phase, and morphology of the nanoparticles, leading to improved adsorption and photocatalytic performance. Therefore, MgO nanoparticles could be a promising material for the treatment of industrial effluents.