Peracetic Acid Enhances Micropollutant Degradation by Ferrate(VI) through Promotion of Electron Transfer Efficiency

Ferrate(VI) and peracetic acid (PAA) are two oxidants of growing importance in water treatment. Recently, our group found that simultaneous application of ferrate(VI) and PAA led to much faster degradation of micropollutants compared to that by a single oxidant, and this paper systematically evaluated the underlying mechanisms. First, we used benzoic acid and methyl phenyl sulfoxide as probe compounds and concluded that Fe(IV)/Fe(V) was the main reactive species, while organic radicals [CH3C(O)O center dot/CH3C(O)OO center dot] had negligible contribution. Second, we removed the coexistent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in PAA stock solution with free chlorine and, to our surprise, found the second-order reaction rate constant between ferrate(VI) and PAA to be only about 1.44 +/- 0.12 M-1 s(-1) while that of H2O2 was as high as (2.01 +/- 0.12) x 10(1) M-1 s(-1) at pH 9.0. Finally, further experiments on ferrate(VI)-bisulfite and ferrate(VD-2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic)acid systems confirmed that PAA was not an activator for ferrate(VI). Rather, PAA could enhance the oxidation capacity of Fe(IV)/Fe(V), making their oxidation outcompete self-decay. This study, for the first time, reveals the ability of PAA to promote electron transfer efficiency between high-valent metals and organic contaminants and confirms the benefits of co-application of ferrate(VI) and PAA for alkaline wastewater treatment.

Automated summary

Ferrate(VI) and peracetic acid (PAA) are two oxidants that have been found to degrade micropollutants more efficiently when applied together. This study investigated the mechanisms behind this enhanced degradation and found that Fe(IV)/Fe(V) species were the main reactive agents, while organic radicals had little contribution. The study also revealed that PAA is not an activator for Ferrate(VI), but can enhance the oxidation capacity of Fe(IV)/Fe(V), leading to increased efficiency in wastewater treatment.