期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
卷 56, 期 15, 页码 10629-10637出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02463
关键词
tire rubber additives; para-phenylenediamine derivatives; fine particulate matter; airborne quinones; human inhalation exposure
资金
- Kwok Chung Bo Fun Charitable Fund
The study revealed the presence of PPD-derived quinones in the fine particulate matter of two Chinese megacities, possibly originating from vehicle emissions. The estimated exposure levels suggest that the exposure caused by novel PPD-Qs may have been overlooked.
Substituted para-phenylenediamine (PPD) antioxidants have been extensively used to retard oxidative degradation of tire rubber and were found to pervade multiple environmental compartments. However, there is a paucity of research on the environmental occurrences of their transformation products. In this study, we revealed the co-occurrence of six PPD-derived quinones (PPD-Qs) along with eight PPDs in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from two Chinese megacities, in which N,N '-bis(1,4-dimethylpen-tyl)-p-phenylenediamine quinone (77PD-Q) was identified and quantified for the first time. Prevalent occurrences of these emerging PPD-Qs were found in Taiyuan (5.59-8480 pg/m(3)) and Guangzhou (3.61-4490 pg/m(3)). Significantly higher levels of PPDs/PPD-Qs were observed at a roadside site, implying the possible contribution of vehicle emissions. Correlation analysis implied potential consistencies in the fate of these PPD-Qs and suggested that most of them were originated from the transformation of their parent PPDs. For different subpopulation groups under different exposure scenarios, the estimated daily intakes of PPD-Qs (0.16-1.25 ng kg(bw)(-1 )day(-1)) were comparable to those of their parent PPDs (0.19-1.41 ng kg(bw)(-1) day(-1)), suggesting an important but overlooked exposure caused by novel PPD-Qs. Given the prolonged exposure of these antioxidants and their quinone derivatives to traffic-relevant occupations, further investigations on their toxicological and epidemiological effects are necessary.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据