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ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
卷 25, 期 12, 页码 2669-2680出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16177
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Research has shown that the rate of plastic biodegradation and carbon disappearance varies in different freshwater environments. The biodegradation rate is significantly higher in humic-lake waters compared to clear-lake waters and artificial freshwater medium. Complete biodegradation of plastic can take anywhere from 100-200 years in humic-lake waters to potentially thousands of years in other water bodies. Additionally, specific types of bacteria play a key role in the degradation process.
Plastics have been produced for over a century, but definitive evidence of complete plastic biodegradation in different habitats, particularly freshwater ecosystems, is still missing. Using C-13-labelled polyethylene microplastics (PE-MP) and stable isotope analysis of produced gas and microbial membrane lipids, we determined the biodegradation rate and fate of carbon in PE-MP in different freshwater types. The biodegradation rate in the humic-lake waters was much higher (0.45% +/- 0.21% per year) than in the clear-lake waters (0.07% +/- 0.06% per year) or the artificial freshwater medium (0.02% +/- 0.02% per year). Complete biodegradation of PE-MP was calculated to last 100-200 years in humic-lake waters, 300-4000 years in clear-lake waters, and 2000-20,000 years in the artificial freshwater medium. The concentration of 18:1 omega 7, characteristic phospholipid fatty acid in Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, was a predictor of faster biodegradation of PE. Uncultured Acetobacteraceae and Comamonadaceae among Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, respectively, were major bacteria related to the biodegradation of PE-MP. Overall, it appears that microorganisms in humic lakes with naturally occurring refractory polymers are more adept at decomposing PE than those in other waters.
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