Simultaneous charging station location-routing problem for electric vehicles: Effect of nonlinear partial charging and battery degradation

Recently, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained attention in the field of logistics owing to the strong support received from the government and continuous increase in social environmental awareness. Compared to traditional logistics vehicles, EVs incur additional charging costs, such as charging time and battery wear costs. In this study, the routing problem of EVs is formulated as an integer programming model based on a nonlinear charging model and practical battery wear model. Subsequently, a three-phase algorithm called CWIGALNS was proposed to solve this problem. Based on the proposed model, a series of instances was generated, showing the benefits of combining charging time, battery wear, and distribution. Finally, sensitivity analyses were systematically conducted on the wear cost and charging time under a realistic background. The results show that the optimal planning of an EV network considering time and wear costs is in line with the practical needs of EV logistics enterprises, which can help reduce the operating costs.(c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Electric vehicles (EVs) have gained attention in logistics due to government support and increasing environmental awareness. This study proposes an integer programming model based on a charging model and battery wear model to solve the routing problem of EVs. The benefits of considering charging time, battery wear, and distribution are demonstrated through examples, and sensitivity analysis is conducted on wear cost and charging time.