Vaginal bacterium Prevotella timonensis turns protective Langerhans cells into HIV-1 reservoirs for virus dissemination

Article Immunology

Vaginal and Extra-Vaginal Bacterial Colonization and Risk for Incident Bacterial Vaginosis in a Population of Women Who Have Sex With Men

David N. Fredricks et al.

Summary: This study found that the presence or concentrations of BV-associated bacteria in the mouth, anus, labia, and vagina can predict whether women will develop BV in the future.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

De Novo Assembly and Annotation of the Vaginal Metatranscriptome Associated with Bacterial Vaginosis

Won Kyong Cho et al.

Summary: The vaginal microbiome was analyzed using the metaT-Assembly approach. The study identified dominant bacterial species in non-bacterial vaginosis samples and a complex microbiota in BV-associated samples. Compared to other methods, metaT-Assembly was able to identify a higher number of bacterial species. Functional analysis revealed a higher expression of transcripts in the microbiome complex of BV-associated samples.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Insight into the ecology of vaginal bacteria through integrative analyses of metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data

Michael T. France et al.

Summary: This study characterized the genetic composition and transcriptional activities of vaginal microbiota in healthy women to determine the factors that drive vaginal community composition. The results show that species abundance does not always indicate its transcriptional activity and impending changes in community composition can be predicted from metatranscriptomic data. Additionally, the degradation of mucin by communities not dominated by Lactobacillus may play a role in their association with adverse health outcomes. The transcriptional activities of L. crispatus, L. iners, and Gardnerella vaginalis vary with the taxonomic composition of the communities in which they reside.

GENOME BIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Autophagy-enhancing drugs limit mucosal HIV-1 acquisition and suppress viral replication ex vivo

Alexandra P. M. Cloherty et al.

Summary: Current direct-acting antiviral therapies effectively suppress HIV-1 replication, but mucosal inflammation hinders prophylactic treatment efficacy. Host-directed strategies, particularly enhancing autophagy, show promise in improving outcomes for infectious diseases like HIV-1. Pharmaceutically enhancing autophagy can restrict HIV-1 acquisition and replication, making it a potential target for future HIV-1 therapies.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Review Immunology

The Female Vaginal Microbiome in Health and Bacterial Vaginosis

Xiaodi Chen et al.

Summary: The vaginal microbiome is crucial for women's health, with bacterial vaginosis (BV) associated with various adverse gynecologic and obstetric outcomes. Research on diagnosis and treatment strategies for BV is making progress.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Cell Biology