期刊
CURRENT DRUG TARGETS
卷 23, 期 13, 页码 1261-1276出版社
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220705123315
关键词
Lung; reduction; oxidation (Redox); pneumonitis; fibrosis; reactive oxygen species (ROS); cytokines
Lung toxicity is a major limitation for cancer therapy, with radiotherapy and chemotherapy causing lung injury through the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. This review explores the cellular and molecular mechanisms of redox-induced lung injury and suggests potential targets and perspectives to mitigate lung toxicity.
Lung toxicity is a key limiting factor for cancer therapy, especially lung, breast, and esophageal malignancies. Radiotherapy for chest and breast malignancies can cause lung injury. However, systemic cancer therapy with chemotherapy may also induce lung pneumonitis and fibrosis. Radiotherapy produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly via interacting with water molecules within cells. However, radiation and other therapy modalities may induce the endogenous generation of ROS and nitric oxide (NO) by immune cells and some nonimmune cells such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. There are several ROS generating enzymes within lung tissue. NADPH Oxidase enzymes, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), dual oxidases (DUOX1 and DUOX2), and the cellular respiratory system in the mitochondria are the main sources of ROS production following exposure of the lung to anticancer agents. Furthermore, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has a key role in the generation of NO following radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Continuous generation of ROS and NO by endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and lymphocytes causes apoptosis, necrosis, and senescence, which lead to the release of inflammatory and pro-fibrosis cytokines. This review discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms of redox-induced lung injury following cancer therapy and proposes some targets and perspectives to alleviate lung toxicity.
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