Manganese oxides activated peroxymonosulfate for ciprofloxacin removal: Effect of oxygen vacancies and chemical states

Ciprofloxacin (CIP) as an anti-inflammatory drug is frequently detected in various water resources. Recently, Sulfate Radical-based advanced oxidation processes with manganese oxides have been recognized as a highly effective method for CIP degradation. Herein, epsilon-MnO2 was obtained through a convenient drying process. After different atmospheric treatments, MnO and Mn(2)O(3 )were fabricated for subsequent degradation experiments. The results show that MnO exhibits better catalytic activity than Mn2O3, with high removal efficiency of almost 84.3% for CIP. Quenching test and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra confirm that O-1(2) is the dominant species during reaction, while .OH and SO4.- play a supporting role. A related discussion about the role of valence states of Mn and oxygen vacancies is presented, which can provide a theoretical basis for further development of Mn/peroxymonosulfate system.

Automated summary

In this study, it was found that Ciprofloxacin, an anti-inflammatory drug, could be effectively degraded by sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes with manganese oxides. Among the different manganese oxides tested, MnO showed better catalytic activity, and O-1(2) was identified as the dominant species during the reaction.