Unusual Electron Donor-Acceptor Sequenced NIR AIEgen for Highly Efficient Mitochondria-Targeted Cancer Cell Photodynamic Therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is recognized to be a promising strategy for anticancer treatment. Considering the progressive application of PDT in clinical trials, highly efficient and photostable photosensitizers (PSs) are in strong demand. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) based PSs are promising phototheranostic materials for tumor imaging and PDT due to their high fluorescence efficiency and photostability. Herein, a mitochondria-targeted PS, TPA-2TCP with AIE characteristics is developed by adopting an acceptor-pi-donor-pi-acceptor (A-pi-D-pi-A) structure. The untypical sequence of the electron donors and electron acceptors endows the derived AIE PS with evident redshift of the absorption and emission, and efficient generation of reactive oxygen species. With the positively charged pyridinium groups, nanoparticulated AIE PS (TPA-2TCP NPs) exhibits high cell binding efficiency towards 4T1 breast cancer cells, leading to the massive cell death via the apoptotic pathway under white light irradiation, demonstrating its potential application in cancer imaging and PDT.

Automated summary

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising anticancer treatment strategy. Researchers have developed a mitochondria-targeted photosensitizer with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics, which exhibits high fluorescence efficiency and photostability. The photosensitizer efficiently binds to 4T1 breast cancer cells and induces cell death through the apoptotic pathway under white light irradiation, demonstrating its potential application in cancer imaging and PDT.