Sn-, Sb- and Bi-Based Anodes for Potassium Ion Battery

Owing to the abundant resources of potassium resources, potassium ion batteries (PIBs) hold great potential in various energy storage devices. However, the poor lifespan of PIBs anodes limit their merchant applications. The exploitation of anode materials with high performance is one of the critical factors to the development of PIBs. Metallic Sn-, Sb-, and Bi-based materials, show promising future thanks to their high theoretical capacities and safe working voltage. However, the rapid capacity decay caused by the large K+ is still a pivotal challenge. In this review, recent progresses on alloying anodes were summarized. Schemes, such as ultra-small nanoparticles, hetero-element doping, and electrolyte optimization are effective strategies to improve their electrochemical properties. This review provides an outlook on the nanostructures and their synthesis methods for the alloying-type materials, and will stimulate their intensive study for practical application in the near future.

Automated summary

Potassium ion batteries (PIBs) have great potential in energy storage devices due to the abundant resources of potassium. However, the poor lifespan of PIB anodes restricts their commercial applications. Recent advances in alloying anodes, such as ultra-small nanoparticles, hetero-element doping, and electrolyte optimization, have shown promise in improving the electrochemical properties of PIBs. This review provides an outlook on the nanostructures and synthesis methods of alloying-type materials, and encourages further research for practical applications.