Enhancing coexistence of mobile species in the cyclic competition system by wildlife refuge

We investigate evolving dynamics of cyclically competing species on spatially extended systems with considering a specific region, which is called the wildlife refuge, one of the institutional ways to preserve species biodiversity. Through Monte-Carlo simulations, we found that the refuge can play not groundbreaking but an important role in species survival. Species coexistence is maintained at a moderate mobility regime, which traditionally leads to the collapse of coexistence, and eventually, the extinction is postponed depending on the competition rate rather than the portion of the refuge. Incorporating the extinction probability and Fourier transform supported our results in both stochastic and analogous ways. Our findings may provide valuable evidence to assist fields of ecological/biological sciences in understanding the presence and construction of refuges for wildlife with associated effects on species biodiversity. Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.

Automated summary

This study investigates the dynamics of cyclically competing species on spatially extended systems, with a focus on the role of wildlife refuges in preserving species biodiversity. Results from Monte-Carlo simulations show that refuges play an important role in species survival and can delay extinction. These findings provide valuable evidence for understanding the importance and construction of wildlife refuges in ecological and biological sciences.