4.6 Article

The acidic tumor microenvironment enhances PD-L1 expression via activation of STAT3 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells

期刊

BMC CANCER
卷 22, 期 1, 页码 -

出版社

BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09956-9

关键词

Extracellular acidosis; Immune checkpoint; PD-L1; STAT3; MDA-MB-231 cells

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资金

  1. National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korean government [NRF-2018R1A5A2025964]
  2. Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) Research Fund [04-20200230]
  3. R&D Program for Forest Science Technology of the Korea Forest Service (Korea Forestry Promotion Institute) [2020195A00-2122-BA01]
  4. Cooperative Research Program for the Agriculture Science and Technology Development Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [PJ01589402, PJ016202022]

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Under conditions of tumor acidosis, the expression of PD-L1 significantly increases and it is likely mediated by activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway. This finding provides new insights into the study of tumor immune evasion mechanisms.
Tumor acidosis, a common phenomenon in solid cancers such as breast cancer, is caused by the abnormal metabolism of cancer cells. The low pH affects cells surrounding the cancer, and tumor acidosis has been shown to inhibit the activity of immune cells. Despite many previous studies, the immune surveillance mechanisms are not fully understood. We found that the expression of PD-L1 was significantly increased under conditions of extracellular acidosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. We also confirmed that the increased expression of PD-L1 mediated by extracellular acidosis was decreased when the pH was raised to the normal range. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of public breast cancer patient databases showed that PD-L1 expression was also highly correlated with IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling. Surprisingly, the expression of both phospho-tyrosine STAT3 and PD-L1 was significantly increased under conditions of extracellular acidosis, and inhibition of STAT3 did not increase the expression of PD-L1 even under acidic conditions in MDA-MB-231 cells. Based on these results, we suggest that the expression of PD-L1 is increased by tumor acidosis via activation of STAT3 in MDA-MB-231 cells.

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