Expression patterns and the roles of phosphatidylinositol phosphatases in testis†

Phosphatidylinositol polyphosphate phosphatases (PI phophatases) play an important role in testicular function by regulating spermatogenesis, maintaining testicular muscle function and blood-testis barrier, and by modulating overall metabolic health. Phosphoinositides (PIs) are relatively rare lipid components of the cellular membranes. Their homeostasis is tightly controlled by specific PI kinases and PI phosphatases. PIs play essential roles in cellular signaling, cytoskeletal organization, and secretory processes in various diseases and normal physiology. Gene targeting experiments strongly suggest that in mice with deficiency of several PI phosphatases, such as Pten, Mtmrs, Inpp4b, and Inpp5b, spermatogenesis is affected, resulting in partial or complete infertility. Similarly, in men, loss of several of the PI phosphatases is observed in infertility characterized by the lack of mature sperm. Using available gene expression databases, we compare the expression of known PI phosphatases in various testicular cell types, infertility patients, and mouse age-dependent testicular gene expression, and discuss their potential roles in testis physiology and spermatogenesis.

Automated summary

Phosphatidylinositol polyphosphate phosphatases (PI phophatases) are important for testicular function and spermatogenesis. They regulate various processes such as cellular signaling and cytoskeletal organization. Deficiency of PI phosphatases can lead to infertility in both mice and humans.