期刊
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
卷 665, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
EDP SCIENCES S A
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243105
关键词
galaxies; clusters; general; galaxies; clusters; intracluster medium; large-scale structure of Universe; radiation mechanisms; non-thermal; X-rays; galaxies; clusters
资金
- ERC [804208, 714245]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy [EXC 2121]
- Women In Science Excel
- Kavli IPMU
- NWO
- BMBF Verbundforschung [05A20STA]
- INAF mainstream project `Galaxy Clusters Science [1.05.01.86.05]
- VIDI research programme [639.042.729]
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)
- LOFAR
- CNRS-INSU, Observatoire de Paris
- Universite d'Orleans, France
- BMBF
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation
- NWO, The Netherlands
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Italy [e-infra 180169]
- Gauss Centre for Supercomputing e.V. [CHTB00]
- STFC [ST/P000096/1]
- INAF
- Physics Department of Turin university
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale
This study used LOFAR and LoTSS-DR2 data to discover and characterize diffuse radio sources in low-mass galaxy clusters, including radio halos, relics, and diffuse sources associated with mergers. The findings contribute to the understanding of the origin of these sources and their scaling with host cluster properties.
Context. The presence of large-scale magnetic fields and ultra-relativistic electrons in the intra-cluster medium (ICM) is confirmed through the detection of diffuse radio synchrotron sources, so-called radio halos and relics. Due to their steep-spectrum nature, these sources are rarely detected at frequencies above a few gigahertz, especially in low-mass systems. Aims. The aim of this study is to discover and characterise diffuse radio sources in low-mass galaxy clusters in order to understand their origin and their scaling with host cluster properties. Methods. We searched for cluster-scale radio emission from low-mass galaxy clusters in the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) Two-metre Sky Survey - Data Release 2 (LoTSS-DR2) fields. We made use of existing optical (Abell, DESI, WHL) and X-ray (comPRASS, MCXC) catalogues. The LoTSS-DR2 data were processed further to improve the quality of the images that are used to detect and characterise diffuse sources. Results. We detect diffuse radio emission in 28 galaxy clusters. The numbers of confirmed (candidates) halos and relics are six (seven) and 10 (three), respectively. Among these, 11 halos and 10 relics, including candidates, are newly discovered by LOFAR. In addition to these, five diffuse sources are detected in tailed radio galaxies and are probably associated with mergers during the formation of the host clusters. We are unable to classify a further 13 diffuse sources. We compare our newly detected, diffuse sources to known sources by placing them on the scaling relation between the radio power and the mass of the host clusters.
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