期刊
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
卷 81, 期 12, 页码 1685-1694出版社
BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-222501
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资金
- Cluster of Excellence 'Precision Medicine in Chronic Inflammation (PMI)' of the Universities of Kiel and Lubeck, Germany [EXC 2167]
Low-dose IL-2 therapy shows efficacy in patients with moderate-to-severe active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but further research is needed.
Objectives A regulatory T cell (Treg) insufficiency due to shortage of interleukin-2 (IL-2) is central to the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We performed a multicentre, double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled phase II proof-of-concept trial to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose IL-2 therapy in patients with SLE having moderate-to-severe disease activity while receiving standard treatment. Methods We randomly assigned 100 patients in a 1:1 ratio to receive either 1.5 million IU/day of subcutaneous IL-2 (ILT-101) or placebo for 5 days followed by weekly injections for 12 weeks. Clinical efficacy was assessed at week 12 in a predefined hierarchical analysis of (1) the SLE responder index-4 (SRI-4) response as a primary end point, and of (2) relative and (3) absolute changes in the Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index scores as key secondary end points. Results The primary end point was not met in the intention-to-treat population (ILT-101: 68%, placebo: 58%; p=0.3439), due to a 100% SRI-4 response rate in the placebo group from the two sites from Bulgaria. A post hoc per-protocol analysis on a prespecified population that excluded patients from these two sites (n=53) showed a statistically significant difference for the SRI-4 response rate (ILT-101: 83.3%; placebo: 51.7%; p=0.0168), and for the two key secondary end points, accompanied by differences in several secondary exploratory end points. ILT-101 was well tolerated and there was no generation of antidrug antibodies. Conclusions The post hoc hierarchical analysis of the primary and key secondary end points in a per-protocol population, complemented by the exploratory analyses of multiple other secondary end points, support that lowdose IL-2 is beneficial in active SLE.
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