Would You Recommend a Statin to This Patient for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease? Grand Rounds Discussion From Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Hypercholesterolemia is a principal modifiable risk factor for the primary prevention of CVD. In addition to lifestyle modification, statins are an important tool to reduce risk for CVD in selected patients. A useful strategy to identify candidates for statins is to estimate the 10-year risk for CVD through the use of a validated risk calculator. Commonly used calculators include the Framingham risk score and the pooled cohort equation. Multiple randomized controlled trials have shown that statins reduce the risk for CVD in patients without known CVD. Two recent guidelines have proposed an approach to the use of statins in primary preDepartment of Veterans Affairs guidelines form the basis for this discussion. The guidelines differ on the use of advanced testing to modify the 10-year CVD risk estimate and on the need for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets to establish the efficacy of statins. Advanced testing with coronary artery calcium measurement may be helpful for patients who are potentially eligible for statin therapy but who are uncertain if they wish to take a statin. In this paper, 2 experts, a preventive cardiologist and a general internist, discuss their approach to the use of statins for primary prevention of CVD and how they would apply the guidelines to an individual patient.

Automated summary

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and hypercholesterolemia is a key modifiable risk factor for its prevention. Statins, alongside lifestyle changes, are important for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in specific patients. The use of validated risk calculators to estimate the 10-year risk for cardiovascular disease can help identify candidates for statin therapy. This paper discusses the varying guidelines on the use of statins in primary prevention and the potential value of advanced testing to assess eligibility.