期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
卷 206, 期 10, 页码 1248-1258出版社
AMER THORACIC SOC
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202202-0373OC
关键词
machine learning; pod e-cigarettes; immune suppression
资金
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [F31 HL154758]
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [T32 ES007126, R01 HL139369, P50 HL120100]
- NIH
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Tobacco Products (CTP)
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions at the Gillings School of Global Public Health
The use of fourth-generation e-cigarettes disrupts immune homeostasis and has unique biological effects compared to previous-generation e-cigarettes.
Rationale: Numerous studies have demonstrated that e-cigarettes can impact respiratory immune homeostasis; however, the extent of these effects remains an active area of investigation, and most previous studies were conducted with model systems or subjects exposed to third-generation e-cigarettes, such as vape pens and box mods. Objectives: Given the rise in popularity of nicotine-salt-containing pods and disposable e-cigarettes (fourth generation), we set out to better understand the respiratory effects of these newer e-cigarettes and compare their effects to early-generation devices. Methods: We collected induced sputum samples from a cohort of nonsmokers, smokers, third-generation e-cigarette users, and fourth-generation e-cigarette users (n=20-30 per group) and evaluated the cellular and fluid-phase composition for markers of inflammation, host defense, and lung injury. Measurements and Main Results: Fourth-generation e-cigarette users had significantly more bronchial epithelial cells in the sputum, suggestive of airway injury. Concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM1) were significantly lower in fourth-generation e-cigarette users in comparison with all other groups, and CRP (C-reactive protein), IFN-gamma, MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase 2), uteroglobin, and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) were significantly lower in fourth-versus third-generation e-cigarette users, suggestive of overall immune suppression in fourth-generation e-cigarette users. Predictive modeling also demonstrated clear separation between exposure groups, indicating that the overall mediator milieu is different between groups, particularly fourth-generation e-cigarette users. Conclusions: Our results indicate disrupted immune homeostasis in fourth-generation e-cigarette users and demonstrate that the biological effects of fourth-generation e-cigarette use are unique compared with those associated with previous-generation e-cigarettes.
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