Differential diagnosis of amnestic dementia patients based on an FDG-PET signature of autopsy-confirmed LATE-NC

Introduction Limbic age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) is common in advanced age and can underlie a clinical presentation mimicking Alzheimer's disease (AD). We studied whether an autopsy-derived fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) signature of LATE-NC provides clinical utility for differential diagnosis of amnestic dementia patients. Methods Ante mortem FDG-PET patterns from autopsy-confirmed LATE-NC (N = 7) and AD (N = 23) patients were used to stratify an independent cohort of clinically diagnosed AD dementia patients (N = 242) based on individual FDG-PET profiles. Results Autopsy-confirmed LATE-NC and AD groups showed markedly distinct temporo-limbic and temporo-parietal FDG-PET patterns, respectively. Clinically diagnosed AD dementia patients showing a LATE-NC-like FDG-PET pattern (N = 25, 10%) were significantly older, showed less abnormal AD biomarker levels, lower APOE epsilon 4, and higher TMEM106B risk allele load. Clinically, they exhibited a more memory-predominant profile and a generally slower disease course. Discussion An autopsy-derived temporo-limbic FDG-PET signature identifies older amnestic patients whose clinical, genetic, and molecular biomarker features are consistent with underlying LATE-NC.

Automated summary

This study investigated the clinical utility of an autopsy-derived FDG-PET signature for differential diagnosis of amnestic dementia patients. The study found that an FDG-PET pattern resembling LATE-NC can identify older patients with clinical features consistent with underlying LATE-NC. These patients exhibit a memory-predominant profile and a slower disease course.