Implantable Micro-Light-Emitting Diode (μLED)-based optogenetic interfaces toward human applications

Optogenetics has received wide attention in biomedical fields because of its advantages in temporal precision and spatial resolution. Beyond contributions to important advances in fundamental research, optogenetics is inspiring a shift towards new methods of improving human well-being and treating diseases. Soft, flexible and biocompatible systems using mu LEDs as a light source have been introduced to realize brain-compatible optogenetic implants, but there are still many technical challenges to overcome before their human applications. In this review, we address progress in the development of implantable mu LED probes and recent achievements in (i) device engineering design, (ii) driving power, (iii) multifunctionality and (iv) closed-loop systems. (v) Expanded optogenetic applications based on remarkable advances in mu LED implants will also be discussed. (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Optogenetics is gaining attention in the biomedical field due to its precise control of time and space. Soft, flexible, and biocompatible systems using μLEDs as light sources have been developed for brain-compatible optogenetic implants, but there are still technical challenges to be overcome. This review discusses recent advancements in implantable μLED probes and their potential applications in various areas.