期刊
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
卷 29, 期 23, 页码 8317-8331出版社
AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0109.1
关键词
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资金
- Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Endowed Fund for Innovative Research
- National Science Foundation [OCE-1433170, PLR-1415489]
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX14AL83G]
- Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-SC0006766]
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology as part of the JAMSTEC-IPRC Joint Investigations
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Division Of Ocean Sciences [1433170] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP)
- Directorate For Geosciences [1415489] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0006766] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
A simple analytic model is developed to represent the offshore decay of cold sea surface temperature (SST) signals that originate from wind-driven upwelling at a coastal boundary. The model couples an oceanic mixed layer to an atmospheric boundary layer through wind stress and air-sea heat exchange. The primary mechanism that controls SST is a balance between Ekman advection and air-sea exchange. The offshore penetration of the cold SST signal decays exponentially with a length scale that is the product of the ocean Ekman velocity and a time scale derived from the air-sea heat flux and the radiative balance in the atmospheric boundary layer. This cold SST signal imprints on the atmosphere in terms of both the boundary layer temperature and surface wind. Nonlinearities due to the feedback between SST and atmospheric wind, baroclinic instability, and thermal wind in the atmospheric boundary layer all slightly modify this linear theory. The decay scales diagnosed from two-dimensional and three-dimensional eddy-resolving numerical ocean models are in close agreement with the theory, demonstrating that the basic physics represented by the theory remain dominant even in these more complete systems. Analysis of climatological SST off the west coast of the United States also shows a decay of the cold SST anomaly with scale roughly in agreement with the theory.
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