Immunopathogenesis and distinct role of Th17 in periodontitis: A review

Background: Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease mediated by the host immune response to dental plaque. Periodontitis is characterized by periodontal bone loss and loss of tooth support. Several studies have corroborated the infiltration of T lymphocytes in periodontitis and correlated the infiltration with chronic inflammation in a dysregulated T cell-mediated immune response. The complexity of the disease has prompted multiple studies aiming to understand T cell-mediated pathogenesis. Highlight: Recent findings have demonstrated the pivotal role of helper T cells in many autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, which has been conventionally correlated with periodontal bone loss. In contrast, the roles of helper T subsets, Th1, Th2, and particularly Th17, have not been explored. Th17-mediated pathogenesis is a significant aspect of the progression and therapy of periodontitis. Conclusion: In this review, we highlight the complex role of Th17 in the underlying pro-inflammatory cascades mediated by a repertoire of Th17-released molecules and their role in aggravated inflammation in periodontitis. We also summarize recent therapeutics targeting Th17 and related molecules, primarily to ameliorate inflammation and maintain periodontal care. (c) 2022 Japanese Association for Oral Biology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

The role of Th17 in the pro-inflammatory cascades of periodontitis is complex and significant, with recent research focusing on understanding its pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. Th17 and related molecules are being investigated for their role in aggravated inflammation and potential interventions for periodontal care.