A fuzzy decision framework of lean-agile-green (LAG) practices for sustainable vaccine supply chain

Purpose The already-strained vaccine supply chain (VSC) of the expanded program for immunization (EPI) require a more robust and structured distribution network for pandemic/outbreak vaccination due to huge volume demand and time constraint. In this paper, a lean-agile-green (LAG) practices approach is proposed to improve the operational, economic and environmental efficiency of the VSC. Design/methodology/approach A fuzzy decision framework of importance performance analysis (IPA)-analytical hierarchy process (AHP)-technique for order for preference by similarity in ideal solution (TOPSIS) has been presented in this paper to prioritize the LAG practices on the basis of the influence on performance indicators. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to check the robustness of the presented model. Findings The derived result indicates that sustainable packaging, coordination among supply chain stakeholders and cold chain technology improvement are among the top practices affecting most of the performance parameters of VSC. The sensitivity analysis reveals that the priority of practices is highly dependent on the weightage of performance indicators. Practical implications This study's finding will help policymakers reframe strategies for sustainable VSC (SVSC) by including new management practices that can handle regular immunization programs as well as emergency mass vaccination. Originality/value To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that proposes the LAG framework for SVSC. The IPA-Fuzzy AHP (FAHP)-Fuzyy TOPSIS (FTOPSIS) is also a novel combination in decision-making.

Automated summary

This paper proposes a lean-agile-green practices approach to improve the efficiency of the vaccine supply chain. A fuzzy decision framework is used to prioritize practices and it is found that sustainable packaging, coordination among supply chain stakeholders, and cold chain technology improvement have the greatest impact on performance indicators. The findings of this study will help policymakers in reframing strategies for a sustainable vaccine supply chain.