Relationship between online social support and adolescents' mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction The potential benefits of supportive interactions on social networking sites on adolescents' mental health are promising; however, no systematic evaluation has been conducted on this topic. This review examined empirical research on the relationship between social support derived from social networking sites and adolescents' mental health both theoretically and empirically. Methods Followed PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature search on six English and three Chinese databases in February 2020. Four thousand one hundred and seventy-seven articles were screened first by title, then abstract, and lastly, full articles. Results Fourteen studies (five English and nine Chinese) were identified, with total sample of 11,616 adolescents (age: 10-19 years; females: 42.7%-56.3%). Meta-analysis showed that the correlation of online social support with self-esteem was moderate and significant (r = .29), but with depression was small and insignificant (r = -.09). Sensitivity analysis indicated that social support from acquaintances on the internet may not be as beneficial as from real-life acquaintances. Despite that there isn't enough research on other specific mental health outcomes to run a quantitative synthesis, individual studies suggest that online social support (OSS) may be associated with increased self-identity and life satisfaction, decreased loneliness and social anxiety, it also counteracts the negative effect of stress and cyberbullying on mental health. Conclusions OSS might be beneficial for adolescents' mental health, especially self-esteem, although the causal relationship requires longitudinal studies to confirm, and the underlying mechanisms need further investigation.

Automated summary

This review examined empirical research on the relationship between social support derived from social networking sites and adolescents' mental health both theoretically and empirically. The findings showed that online social support had a moderate and significant positive correlation with self-esteem, but had a small and insignificant relationship with depression. Sensitivity analysis indicated that social support from acquaintances on the internet may not be as beneficial as from real-life acquaintances. Although there is limited research on other specific mental health outcomes, individual studies suggest that online social support may be associated with increased self-identity and life satisfaction, decreased loneliness and social anxiety, and counteracts the negative effect of stress and cyberbullying on mental health. Therefore, online social support might be beneficial for adolescents' mental health, although more longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the causal relationship and further investigate the underlying mechanisms.