期刊
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
卷 37, 期 3, 页码 927-937出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/0271678X16649196
关键词
Apoptosis; astrocytes; inflammation; microglia; neurodegeneration
资金
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III [FIS PI11/0954, CP11/00229]
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
- ICREA Funding Source: Custom
Hepatic encephalopathy has traditionally been considered a reversible disorder. However, recent studies suggested that repeated episodes of hepatic encephalopathy cause persistent impairment leading to neuronal loss. The aims of our study were the development of a new animal model that reproduces the course of episodic hepatic encephalopathy and the identification of neurodegeneration evidences. Rats with portacaval anastomosis underwent simulated episodes of hepatic encephalopathy, triggered by the regular administration of ammonium acetate, and/or lipopolysaccharide. The neurological status was assessed and neuronal loss stereologically quantified in motor areas. During the simulated episodes, ammonia induced reversible motor impairment in portacaval anastomosis rats. In cerebellum, stereology showed a reduction in Purkinje cell population in portacaval anastomosis and PCA+NH3 groups and morphological changes. An increase in astrocyte size in PCA+NH3 group and activated microglia in groups treated with ammonium acetate and/or lipopolysaccharide was observed. A modulation of neurodegeneration-related genes and the presence of apoptosis in Bergmann glia were observed. This new animal model reproduces the clinical course of episodic hepatic encephalopathy when ammonia is the precipitant factor and demonstrates the existence of neuronal loss in cerebellum. The persistence of over-activated microglia and reactive astrocytes could participate in the apoptosis of Bergmann glia and therefore Purkinje cell degeneration.
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