Understanding Scientific Freedom and Scientific Responsibility in Business and Management Research

To illuminate the nature of contemporary business and management research and to reinforce the principles of responsible research proposed by the social movement Responsible Research in Business and Management (RRBM), this article explores two critical elements of the scientific process: scientific freedom and scientific responsibility. We observe that in recent times, context and practice have weakened both of them. Path-dependent processes in a closed research ecosystem have restricted scientific freedom. A 'publish or perish' culture has clouded scientific responsibility. We examine the definition of scientific freedom and assess how much freedom scientists can expect in current social conditions. We apply Schulz's (1972) responsibility categories of (a) Who is responsible? (b) For what are they responsible? and (c) To whom are they responsible? to develop an expanded definition of scientific responsibility. Aligning high and low levels of freedom and responsibility, we identify four types of research, one of which fits RRBM's definition of responsible research. We suggest a set of light and heavy actions in a humble attempt to shift the research ecosystem further towards responsible research, focusing on benefits to society. We conclude with a set of scientific norms to guide researchers who aspire to make their research more responsible and impactful.

Automated summary

This article discusses the nature of contemporary business and management research and emphasizes the principles of scientific freedom and responsibility. It highlights the limitations imposed on these principles by the recent context and practices. The article defines scientific freedom and responsibility and identifies four types of research, one of which aligns with the concept of responsible research proposed by RRBM. It suggests actions to promote responsible research and concludes with scientific norms for researchers to enhance the impact of their research.