Comprehensive analysis of phenolics compounds in citrus fruits peels by UPLC-PDA and UPLC-Q/TOF MS using a fused-core column

In this work, a method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (UPLC-PDA) was developed to comprehensively analyze phenolic compounds in peels of lime (Citrus x latifolia), lemon (Citrus limon), and rangpur lime (Citrus x limonia). The reverse-phase separation was achieved with a C18 fused-core column packed with the smallest particles commercially available (1.3 um). The method was successfully coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), allowing the detection of 24 phenolic compounds and five limonoids in several other citrus peels species: key lime, orange and sweet orange, tangerine, and tangerine ponkan, proving the suitability for comprehensive analysis in citrus peel matrices. Additionally, the developed method was validated according to the Food and drug administration (FDA) and National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology (INMETRO) criteria, demonstrating specificity, linearity, accuracy, and precision according to these guidelines. System suitability parameters such as resolution, tailoring, plate count were also verified.

Automated summary

In this study, a method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (UPLC-PDA) was developed for comprehensive analysis of phenolic compounds in citrus peels. The method was successfully applied to various citrus peel species, detecting multiple phenolic compounds and limonoids, and verified for accuracy and precision.