Microphysiological stem cell models of the human heart

Models of heart disease and drug responses are increasingly based on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) since their ability to capture human heart (dys-)function is often better than animal models. Simple monolayer cultures of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, however, have shortcomings. Some of these can be overcome using more complex, multi cell-type models in 3D. Here we review modalities that address this, describe efforts to tailor readouts and sensors for monitoring tissue- and cell physiology (exogenously and in situ) and discuss perspectives for implementation in industry and academia.

Automated summary

Models of heart disease and drug responses are shifting towards the use of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) due to their superior ability to capture human heart (dys-)function compared to animal models. However, simple monolayer cultures of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes have limitations. This review discusses the strategies for overcoming these limitations by using more complex and multi cell-type models in 3D, as well as efforts to develop readouts and sensors for monitoring tissue- and cell physiology.