Erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles as effective and biocompatible platform: Either autologous or allogeneic erythrocyte-derived

Erythrocytes are often used for the development of cell membrane camouflaged nanoparticles (NPs) due to their wide range of sources. However, whether the difference between autologous and allogeneic sources for the erythrocyte membranes have an influence on the performance of camouflaged NPs, which is still inconclusive. To this end, we developed two aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizers camouflaged with erythrocyte membranes (E-M), named E-M-auto@P and E-M-allo@P, which were prepared using autologous-and allogeneic-derived erythrocytes, respectively. In vivo, E-M@P-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) effectively inhibited tumor growth, and this therapeutic effect did not differ between E-M-auto@P and E-M-allo@P. Importantly, there were no differences between E-M-auto@P and E-M-allo@P treated mice in terms of general condition, organ function or immune system. Both E-M-auto@P and E-M-allo@P have been shown not to cross the placental barrier and do not affect the development of the embryo, which could be a good platform for the treatment of pregnancy-related disorders. These findings provided more detailed evidences for erythrocyte membrane camouflaged NPs as a promising therapeutic platform, since there is no difference in efficacy or biosafety of either autologous or allogeneic erythrocyte-derived NPs.

Automated summary

In this study, erythrocyte membrane camouflaged nanoparticles (NPs) were developed and two photosensitizers were prepared using autologous and allogeneic erythrocytes. The results showed that both photosensitizers had similar therapeutic efficacy and biosafety in inhibiting tumor growth. They did not affect the general condition, organ function, or immune system of treated mice. The findings provide further evidence for the promising therapeutic platform of erythrocyte membrane camouflaged NPs in terms of efficacy and biosafety.