Structure-Mechanics Relation of Natural Rubber: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Attributed to its strain-induced crystallization (SIC), compared to other elastomeric materials and has been attracting numerous scientific and technological attention. However, a systematical understanding of the structure-mechanics relation of NR is still lacking. Herein, for the first time, we employ molecular dynamics simulation to examine the effects of the key structural factors on the SIC and mechanical properties at the molecular level. We examine the effects of phospholipid and protein mass fraction (w), the strength of hydrogen-bond interaction (eH), and the strength of non-hydrogen-bond interaction (eNH) on structural morphology, dynamic behavior, and mechanical properties. NR tends to form local clusters due to the hydrogen-bond interaction formed between phospholipids or proteins and chain ends, which is absent in the case of cis-1,4-polyisoprene (PIP). The polymer chain mobility of NR is retarded due to the formed clusters or even physical network at great eH and high w. Interestingly, we find that the stress-strain behavior of NR is greatly manipulated by eH and w, as evidenced by the increase of the chain orientation and the SIC, compared with the cases of PIP. This underlying mechanism results from the alignment of the molecular chains induced by the formed clusters along the deformed direction, and the clusters during the deformation become more stable, particularly at great eH. Lastly, we adopt a machine learning algorithm named extreme gradient boosting via data augmentation, finding that eH has the most significant influencing weight factor on the stress-strain behavior of NR. In general, this work demonstrates a detailed molecular-level structure-mechanics relation of NR and provides some rational guidelines for experimentally designing and synthesizing biomimetic NR.

Automated summary

This study investigates the effects of structural factors on the strain-induced crystallization (SIC) and mechanical properties of NR using molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the formation of local clusters in NR, as well as the mobility of polymer chains, are influenced by phospholipid and protein mass fraction, strength of hydrogen-bond interaction, and strength of non-hydrogen-bond interaction. Additionally, the stress-strain behavior of NR is greatly manipulated by the strength of hydrogen-bond interaction and the mass fraction of phospholipid and protein, leading to increased chain orientation and SIC compared to other elastomeric materials.