The Role of Lifestyle Intervention, in Addition to Drugs, for Diabetic Kidney Disease with Sarcopenic Obesity

Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in developing and developed countries. The growing prevalence and clinical challenges of sarcopenic obesity have been associated with the frailty and disability of diabetic kidney disease. It has been reported that insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, enhanced oxidative stress and lipotoxicity contribute to the pathophysiology of muscle loss and visceral fat accumulation. Sarcopenic obesity, which is diagnosed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, is associated with worse outcomes in kidney disease. Growing evidence indicates that adherence to healthy lifestyles, including low protein diet, proper carbohydrate control, vitamin D supplement, and regular physical training, has been shown to improve clinical prognosis. Based on the higher risk of sarcopenic-obesity-related renal function decline, it has led to the exploration and investigation of the pathophysiology, clinical aspects, and novel approach of these controversial issues in daily practice.

Automated summary

Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Sarcopenic obesity is associated with frailty and disability in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipotoxicity contribute to muscle loss and visceral fat accumulation. Healthy lifestyle interventions, including low protein diet, proper carbohydrate control, vitamin D supplementation, and regular physical training, have shown improvement in clinical outcomes.