High-Sensitive Detection and Quantitative Analysis of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Using Gold-Nanoshell-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay Device

Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used as signal reporters in colorimetric lateral flow immunoassays (LFAs) for decades. However, it remains a major challenge to significantly improve the detection sensitivity of traditional LFAs due to the low brightness of AuNPs. As an alternative approach, we overcome this problem by utilizing 150 nm gold nanoshells (AuNSs) that were engineered by coating low-density silica nanoparticles with a thin layer of gold. AuNSs are dark green, have 14 times larger surface area, and are approximately 35 times brighter compared to AuNPs. In this study, we used detection of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in a proof-ofconcept assay. The limit of detection (LOD) with AuNS-based LFA was 0.16 mu IU/mL, which is 26 times more sensitive than the conventional colorimetric LFA that utilizes AuNP as a label. The dynamic range of the calibration curve was 0.16-9.5 mu IU/mL, making it possible to diagnose both hyperthyroidism (<0.5 mu IU/mL) and hypothyroidism (>5 mu IU/mL) using AuNS-based LFA. Thus, the developed device has a strong potential for early screening and diagnosis of diseases related to the thyroid hormone.

Automated summary

Au nanoparticles have long been used as signal reporters in lateral flow immunoassays (LFAs), but their low brightness hampers the sensitivity of detection. In this study, 150 nm gold nanoshells (AuNSs) were used as an alternative with 35 times more brightness compared to AuNPs. The developed AuNS-based LFA achieved a 26-fold improvement in detection sensitivity for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The device has potential for early screening and diagnosis of thyroid hormone-related diseases.