期刊
IEEE ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LETTERS
卷 7, 期 2, 页码 5512-5519出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/LRA.2022.3154047
关键词
Aerial systems: perception and autonomy; field robotics; robotics and automation in agriculture and forestry; SLAM
类别
资金
- IoT4Ag Engineering Research Center - National Science Foundation (NSF) under NSF [EEC-1941529]
- NSF [CCR-2112665]
- NIFA [2022-67021-36856]
- C-BRIC, a Semiconductor Research Corporation Joint University Microelectronics Program - DARPA
- INCT-INSac [CNPq 465755/2014-3]
- FAPESP [2014/50851-0, 2017/17444-0]
In this letter, an integrated system for large-scale autonomous flights and real-time semantic mapping in challenging under-canopy environments is proposed. The system utilizes LiDAR data to detect and model tree trunks and ground planes, and employs a multi-level planning and mapping framework to compute dynamically feasible trajectories. This leads to the construction of a semantic map of the user-defined region of interest, while minimizing odometry drift through a drift-compensation mechanism.
Semantic maps represent the environment using a set of semantically meaningful objects. This representation is storage-efficient, less ambiguous, and more informative, thus facilitating large-scale autonomy and the acquisition of actionable information in highly unstructured, GPS-denied environments. In this letter, we propose an integrated system that can perform large-scale autonomous flights and real-time semantic mapping in challenging under-canopy environments. We detect and model tree trunks and ground planes from LiDAR data, which are associated across scans and used to constrain robot poses as well as tree trunk models. The autonomous navigation module utilizes a multi-level planning and mapping framework and computes dynamically feasible trajectories that lead the UAV to build a semantic map of the user-defined region of interest in a computationally and storage efficient manner. A drift-compensation mechanism is designed to minimize the odometry drift using semantic SLAM outputs in real time, while maintaining planner optimality and controller stability. This leads the UAV to execute its mission accurately and safely at scale.
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