期刊
BIOLOGY-BASEL
卷 11, 期 3, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biology11030473
关键词
spinal cord injury; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; phrenic motor network; neuroplasticity; motoneuron excitability; diaphragm muscle
类别
资金
- Chancellerie des Universites de Paris (Legs Poix)
- Fondation de France
- Fondation Medisite
- INSERM
- Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
- National Institutes of Health, NINDS [R01 NS104291, F32 NS119348]
- Lisa Dean Moseley Foundation
- Ministry of Science and Technology [109-2636-B-110-001]
High spinal cord injuries (SCIs) often result in permanent diaphragmatic paralysis. This study investigated the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a potential noninvasive therapeutic tool for enhancing respiratory function and reducing post-traumatic inflammation in cervical spinal cord injuries. The results suggest that chronic high-frequency rTMS can improve respiratory dysfunction, promote neuronal plasticity, and reduce harmful post-traumatic inflammatory processes. This therapy could be combined with other interventions to enhance outcomes.
Simple Summary High spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are known to lead to permanent diaphragmatic paralysis, and to induce deleterious post-traumatic inflammatory processes following cervical spinal cord injury. We used a noninvasive therapeutic tool (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)), to harness plasticity in spared descending respiratory circuit and reduce the inflammatory processes. Briefly, the results obtained in this present study suggest that chronic high-frequency rTMS can ameliorate respiratory dysfunction and elicit neuronal plasticity with a reduction in deleterious post-traumatic inflammatory processes in the cervical spinal cord post-SCI. Thus, this therapeutic tool could be adopted and/or combined with other therapeutic interventions in order to further enhance beneficial outcomes. High spinal cord injuries (SCIs) lead to permanent diaphragmatic paralysis. The search for therapeutics to induce functional motor recovery is essential. One promising noninvasive therapeutic tool that could harness plasticity in a spared descending respiratory circuit is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Here, we tested the effect of chronic high-frequency (10 Hz) rTMS above the cortical areas in C2 hemisected rats when applied for 7 days, 1 month, or 2 months. An increase in intact hemidiaphragm electromyogram (EMG) activity and excitability (diaphragm motor evoked potentials) was observed after 1 month of rTMS application. Interestingly, despite no real functional effects of rTMS treatment on the injured hemidiaphragm activity during eupnea, 2 months of rTMS treatment strengthened the existing crossed phrenic pathways, allowing the injured hemidiaphragm to increase its activity during the respiratory challenge (i.e., asphyxia). This effect could be explained by a strengthening of respiratory descending fibers in the ventrolateral funiculi (an increase in GAP-43 positive fibers), sustained by a reduction in inflammation in the C1-C3 spinal cord (reduction in CD68 and Iba1 labeling), and acceleration of intracellular plasticity processes in phrenic motoneurons after chronic rTMS treatment. These results suggest that chronic high-frequency rTMS can ameliorate respiratory dysfunction and elicit neuronal plasticity with a reduction in deleterious post-traumatic inflammatory processes in the cervical spinal cord post-SCI. Thus, this therapeutic tool could be adopted and/or combined with other therapeutic interventions in order to further enhance beneficial outcomes.
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