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Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Portia Chipo Mutevedzi et al.
Summary: According to a population-based survey in South Africa, the estimated number of SARS-CoV-2 infections is 7.8 times higher than the reported COVID-19 cases. The infection fatality rate (IFR) varies by 2.39 times when calculated using recorded COVID-19 deaths compared to excess-mortality-derived COVID-19-attributable deaths. Waning RBD IgG may have underestimated the number of infections and overestimated the mortality risk.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Statistics & Probability
Harlan Campbell et al.
Summary: Estimating the infection fatality rate (IFR) is challenging due to the unknown total number of cases. This is because not everyone is tested and tested individuals may not be representative of the entire population. In this study, a Bayesian model is used to estimate the COVID-19 IFR for Europe by combining information from different samples.
ANNALS OF APPLIED STATISTICS
(2022)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heidi Ledford et al.
Review
Virology
Solomon H. H. Mariam
Summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread worldwide since December 2019 and caused the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Although the disease primarily affects the lungs, it can also spread to other organs. However, the mortality rates vary, with most infected individuals experiencing no serious consequences. Factors such as age, preexisting health conditions, and genetic predispositions are believed to worsen the outcomes of COVID-19. Recently, there has been an increase in infections in Africa, but there is limited research on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the disease in African contexts.
ADVANCES IN VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nandini Sharma et al.
Summary: A repeated cross-sectional serosurvey conducted in Delhi, India from August to October 2020 showed that nearly one in four residents aged >= 5 years had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 during that time period. Participants with lower income, living in slums or overcrowded households, and having diabetes comorbidity had higher odds of antibody positivity.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gideon Meyerowitz-Katz et al.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Justin M. Maeda et al.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Seif Salem Al-Abri et al.
Summary: The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Oman increased significantly over the first 11 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Non-Omanis had higher infection rates in the early cycles, whereas Omanis had higher rates in later cycles. There were significant variations in infection rates according to governorate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Renzo J. C. Calderon-Anyosa et al.
Summary: The impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on violent and accidental deaths in Peru was investigated, revealing a significant decrease in all forms of deaths examined. Traffic accident-related deaths saw the largest reduction, while homicides and suicides showed similar declines by gender, with a higher increase rate in male homicides. This suggests that mobility restrictions had a natural impact on traffic accidents, but the patterns and changes in homicides and suicides warrant further study.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lawrence Mwananyanda et al.
Summary: The study found that deaths with covid-19 were common in Lusaka, with most occurring in the community and few being tested before death. This suggests that the impact of covid-19 in Africa may have been vastly underestimated due to under-reporting.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lloyd B. Mulenga et al.
Summary: The study revealed a significantly higher estimated number of SARS-CoV-2 infections compared to reported cases in six districts in Zambia. The high rtPCR-positive prevalence indicated community transmission, while the low ELISA-positive prevalence was likely influenced by early mitigation measures. It is important for Zambia to monitor the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and implement measures to reduce transmission.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2021)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Xinhua Chen et al.
Summary: This study synthesized and evaluated a large amount of global data on SARS-CoV-2 serological surveys, revealing variations in seroprevalence among different populations and in the infection-to-case ratio across regions. Most settings have not achieved herd immunity, and insights into the true proportion of infected population can be derived from serological detection data in routine confirmation.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2021)
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Anup Malani et al.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jaya Singh Kshatri et al.
Summary: This study conducted in Bhubaneswar city, India, aimed to estimate and compare the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among adults over three rounds. The results showed that the seroprevalence significantly increased over time, with the highest rates observed in the age group of 30-39 years in the third round. Furthermore, a high percentage of individuals who had previously tested positive or negative for the virus showed seroconversion by the third round.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Laura C. Steinhardt et al.
Summary: Accurate SARS-CoV-2 serological assays are crucial for COVID-19 surveillance, but cross-reactivity issues were found in areas with malaria endemicity. A simple urea wash can help alleviate this cross-reactivity problem.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Saverio Bellizzi et al.
Summary: The evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan went through three distinct phases, with a nationwide sero-prevalence survey showing a rapid increase in seroprevalence over time, reaching one-third of the population exposed to the virus by the end of 2020. Non-age-specific trends were observed in infection rates, with the majority of infected individuals being asymptomatic. The insights gained from serial cross-sectional surveys in Jordan will be valuable for planning public health mitigation measures like vaccinations and tailored restriction policies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gonzalo Mena et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted cities, with a strong association found between socioeconomic status and both disease incidence and mortality. People in lower socioeconomic municipalities were less likely to adhere to lockdown measures and faced higher testing delays and positivity rates. This highlights the critical consequences of socioeconomic inequalities on health outcomes.
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Emeka Francis Okonji et al.
Summary: Factors contributing to the low COVID-19 infection and case fatality rates in African countries may include low testing rate, poor documentation of cause of death, younger age population, good vitamin D status, cross-immunity from other viruses, and lessons learnt from other infectious diseases. With the emergence of new variants and insufficient vaccine rollout, an innovative and efficient response is needed to enhance testing and accurate reporting to mitigate the spread of the infection.
TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jan E. Zejda et al.
Summary: The lack of knowledge about the seroprevalence levels of COVID-19 in Poland led to the implementation of a seroepidemiological study in the Katowice Region. The study found a higher prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Poland during October-November 2020 compared to earlier estimates in other European countries, likely due to measurements taken during the second wave of the epidemic. Factors such as contact with COVID-19 patients, quarantine, and symptoms like fever and loss of smell/taste were significantly associated with positive IgG tests, while IgM positivity was only associated with quarantine and loss of smell/taste.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
David Acurio-Paez et al.
Summary: The survey conducted in Cuenca revealed a high prevalence of COVID-19 infection, particularly in certain demographic groups, despite good adherence to preventive measures among the population. Intensified testing strategies are recommended to address the ongoing high transmission rates, especially in certain areas.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Carlos Alvarez-Antonio et al.
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Iquitos, Peru, and found that the seroprevalence was 70% at baseline and 66% at 1-month follow-up. Significant differences in seroprevalence between age groups were observed, with individuals aged 18-29 having lower seroprevalence than those aged younger than 12.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cristian Diaz-Velez et al.
Summary: A study conducted in the Lambayeque region of Peru revealed a seroprevalence of 29.5% for SARS-COV-2, with the highest infection rates found among individuals aged 21-50. Approximately 25.4% of cases were asymptomatic, with dysgeusia and dysosmia being the most common symptoms.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mohsina Haq et al.
Summary: This study conducted a large-scale seroprevalence survey in seven cities of Pakistan, with an overall seroprevalence of 42.4%. The risk of seropositivity was higher in men compared to women, while lower in the younger age group (<=20 years), indicating that despite some immunity, the country has not yet reached the minimum estimate for herd immunity. The durability of immunity is debated but tends to be longer.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Nelson Alvis Guzman et al.
Summary: The study describes the infection fatality rate (IFR) of COVID-19 by age groups in a department of Colombia, finding an overall IFR of 0.24%, significantly lower than the overall CFR (5.6%). The study concludes that CFR severely overestimates the lethality of COVID-19 in developing areas.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Isaac Ngere et al.
Summary: This study in Nairobi, Kenya estimated that over one-third of residents had been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 by November 2020, with seropositivity increasing in more densely populated areas. The infection fatality ratios (IFRs) also increased with age, being higher for individuals aged 60 years and older.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jannae C. Parrott et al.
Summary: A population-based survey in New York City estimated SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence, revealing that by October 2020, nearly 1 in 3 black and Latino adults in NYC had antibodies. This highlights the unequal impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on these communities.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Anton Barchuk et al.
Summary: This study evaluates antibody tests used in a serological study of SARS--CoV--2 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Sensitivity and specificity varied among different antibody assays, with CMIA Abbott showing lower AUC. Less than 33% of participants with positive antibody test results had neutralizing antibodies in titers 1:80 and above.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Arnab K. Ghosh et al.
Summary: Overcrowded and multigenerational households were found to be independent risk factors for suspected COVID-19. In the early phase of the surge in COVID cases, social distancing measures that increase housebound populations may inadvertently but temporarily increase SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk and COVID-19 disease in these populations.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
S. Muhammad Salim Khan et al.
Summary: In a population-based survey conducted in Kashmir, it was found that approximately 37% of individuals were infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the first 7 months of the epidemic, with a higher seroprevalence among the older population. Among those who tested positive, 10.2% reported a history of COVID-19-like symptoms, suggesting a significant number of asymptomatic cases. A more robust surveillance system with improved reporting of COVID-19 cases and deaths is necessary to accurately track the spread of the virus.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maksymilian Gajda et al.
Summary: The study aimed to compare demographic, socio-economic characteristics, and the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection occurrence between a randomly selected group and a group of volunteers. Results showed that volunteers were younger, more often female, had more contact with COVID-19 patients, and were more likely to participate compared to randomly selected participants, indicating potential bias.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Harlan Campbell et al.
Summary: Estimating the infection fatality rate (IFR) of COVID-19 is challenging due to biases in death and infection data. Bayesian evidence synthesis method accounts for uncertainties. Results show lower IFR in younger and wealthier populations.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Tropical Medicine
Tamrat Shaweno et al.
Summary: This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among individuals aged above 15 years residing in congregate settings in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. The estimated seroprevalence was 3.2% with no significant differences by age and sex, but significant differences were observed based on the practice of COVID-19 preventive measures.
TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Nathanael Lapidus et al.
Summary: The study in France estimated the SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalization ratio (IHR) and infection fatality ratio (IFR), which increased with age, especially in men and the elderly. The findings suggest the need for comprehensive preventive measures to reduce virus transmission, even in young or middle-aged adults.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES NOW
(2021)
Article
Primary Health Care
Pallavi Saple et al.
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a hotspot area, finding that 40% of the study subjects had anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies with a low infection fatality rate of 0.7%. Factors such as religious background, occupation, and living conditions significantly impacted seroprevalence rates.
JOURNAL OF FAMILY MEDICINE AND PRIMARY CARE
(2021)
Letter
Immunology
Sitanshu Sekhar Kar et al.
Summary: The seropositivity for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Puducherry, India increased significantly over a period of 2 months, showing a higher prevalence compared to the number of diagnosed cases.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Sriram Selvaraju et al.
Summary: The cross-sectional survey conducted in Chennai, India revealed a weighted seroprevalence of 18.4% against SARS-CoV-2, indicating a high susceptibility to the virus among the population. These findings underscore the need for enhanced prevention and control measures in Chennai.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mary F. Reyes-Vega et al.
Summary: This study in Lima reveals intense transmission of SARS-CoV-2 despite early government interventions. Susceptibles across age groups indicate the importance of maintaining physical distancing measures. Socioeconomic status and overcrowding are associated with seroprevalence, emphasizing the need to address social inequalities in controlling transmission in low- and middle-income countries.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Zhongjie Li et al.
Summary: China successfully contained the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic, as evidenced by low overall infection rates and predominantly asymptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection revealed in serological surveys.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
John P. A. Ioannidis
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the infection fatality rate of COVID-19 using seroprevalence data. The findings showed that the infection fatality rate varied significantly across different locations due to differences in population age structure, case mix of infected and deceased patients, and other factors. The inferred infection fatality rates were generally lower than earlier estimates made during the pandemic.
BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Bela Merkely et al.
Article
Microbiology
Dora Buonfrate et al.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marina Pollan et al.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Robert Verity et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Luis E. Escobar et al.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2020)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Gideon Meyerowitz-Katz et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Theo Vos et al.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Andrew T. Levin et al.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Megan O'Driscoll et al.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rafael Lozano et al.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nancy Fullman et al.
