Precision Nomothetic Medicine in Depression Research: A New Depression Model, and New Endophenotype Classes and Pathway Phenotypes, and A Digital Self

Article Clinical Neurology

Stratified psychiatry: Tomorrow's precision psychiatry?

Martijn Arns et al.

Summary: The shift from one-size-fits-all psychiatry to personalized psychiatry emphasizes the importance of precision and stratified psychiatry, utilizing biomarkers to better guide patients to receive optimal treatment.

EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Article Psychiatry

Precision Psychiatry: The Future Is Now

Ives Cavalcante Passos et al.

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE (2022)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Intersections between Copper, β-Arrestin-1, Calcium, FBXW7, CD17, Insulin Resistance and Atherogenicity Mediate Depression and Anxiety Due to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nomothetic Network Approach

Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim et al.

Summary: The present study investigated the biomarkers of affective symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes, finding associations between copper, beta-arrestin-1, and calcium levels and these symptoms, while atherogenicity and insulin resistance played mediating roles.

JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Schizophrenia phenomenology revisited: positive and negative symptoms are strongly related reflective manifestations of an underlying single trait indicating overall severity of schizophrenia

Abbas F. Almulla et al.

Summary: The study found significant associations between negative and PHEM symptoms, formal thought disorders (FTD) and psychomotor retardation (PMR) in major neurocognitive psychosis (MNP) or deficit schizophrenia. A single latent trait underlies these domains, reflecting the overall severity of schizophrenia and MNP.

CNS SPECTRUMS (2021)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Machine learning for precision medicine

Sarah J. MacEachern et al.

Summary: Precision medicine utilizes multi-modal data to make individualized treatment decisions, requiring advanced computer techniques such as machine learning to process and analyze large-scale complex datasets, ultimately enhancing understanding of human health and disease.

GENOME (2021)

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Review Psychiatry

Precision psychiatry in clinical practice

Raffaella Zanardi et al.

Summary: The treatment of depression is a major challenge for healthcare systems, but the integration of pharmacogenetic biomarkers into prescribing guidelines has led to a potential improvement in guiding prescriptions and may pave the way for the clinical application of polygenic predictors in the future. This advancement in precision psychiatry holds promise for personalized treatment options in depression.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE (2021)

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Review Psychiatry

Implementing Precision Psychiatry: A Systematic Review of Individualized Prediction Models for Clinical Practice

Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo et al.

Summary: The impact of precision psychiatry on clinical practice has not been systematically evaluated. Validated prediction models are available to support the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response prediction of psychiatric conditions, particularly psychosis. However, there is a lack of implementation research in real-world clinical practice.

SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Towards a new model and classification of mood disorders based on risk resilience, neuro-affective toxicity, staging, and phenome features using the nomothetic network psychiatry approach

Michael Maes et al.

Summary: This study utilized machine learning techniques to construct a model incorporating risk/resilience, adverse outcome pathways, staging, and phenome of mood disorders. By analyzing factors influencing these features, two distinct patient clusters were identified, and a transdiagnostic model of mood disorders was successfully created.

METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Construction of a nitro-oxidative stress-driven, mechanistic model of mood disorders: A nomothetic network approach

Denitsa Simeonova et al.

Summary: The study found that IgM responses were significantly higher in patients with major depression and bipolar disorder type 1, compared to controls, with major depression patients also showing higher IgM responses to OSEs than bipolar disorder type 2 patients. Analysis showed that 57.7% of the clinical phenotype variance in mood disorders could be explained by factors such as number of episodes, IgM to OSENO, IgG to oxLDL, and peroxides. Through a data-driven model, a new diagnostic class characterized by increased plasma LPS load, peroxides, autoimmune responses to OSENO, and increased phenome scores was discovered, indicating neuro-affective toxicity in 74.3% of mood disorder patients.

NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Psychiatry

How to construct neuroscience-informed psychiatric classification? Towards nomothetic networks psychiatry

Drozdstoy Stoyanov et al.

Summary: Psychiatry is in a state of crisis, with various competing approaches to psychiatric illness and unreliable current classifications. The new nomothetic network psychiatry approach utilizes machine learning to build data-driven causal models of mental illness.

WORLD JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

In schizophrenia, non-remitters and partial remitters to treatment with antipsychotics are qualitatively distinct classes with respect to neurocognitive deficits and neuro-immune biomarkers: results of soft independent modeling of class analogy

Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim et al.

Summary: The study aimed to differentiate between non-remitters (NRTT) and partial remitters (PRTT) of schizophrenia patients using various measurements including symptoms, neurocognitive tests, plasma markers, and opioid receptors. Results showed clear distinctions between NRTT and PRTT, as well as PRTT and healthy controls, with different pathway phenotypes identified for each group. The findings suggest that treatment strategies should target neuro-immune and opioid pathways based on the individual's response to antipsychotic therapy.

METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE (2021)

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Letter Psychology, Clinical

It is not enough to sing its praises: the very foundations of precision psychiatry may be scientifically unsound and require examination

Jim van Os et al.

PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Editorial Material Psychology, Clinical

Precision psychiatry: promise for the future or rehash of a fossilised foundation?

Annemarie C. J. Kohne et al.

Summary: Precision psychiatry is considered to be an approach that could advance psychiatric clinical practice significantly, but its foundations are flawed and it does not represent a promising alternative to the current classification systems.

PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Shape matters: morphological metrics of glioblastoma imaging abnormalities as biomarkers of prognosis

Lee Curtin et al.

Summary: The study explored the relationship between lacunarity and fractal dimension values calculated on MRI images of GBM patients and their survival outcomes. Significant relationships were found for all three imaging regions tested, with T2/FLAIR abnormalities showing the strongest association with overall survival. This connection between morphological and survival metrics may be influenced by underlying biological phenomena, tumor location, or microenvironmental factors that warrant further exploration.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

First Episode Psychosis and Schizophrenia Are Systemic Neuro-Immune Disorders Triggered by a Biotic Stimulus in Individuals with Reduced Immune Regulation and Neuroprotection

Michael Maes et al.

Summary: Schizophrenia is characterized by activation of immune-inflammatory response, compensatory immune-regulatory systems, and lowered neuroprotection. Studies on antipsychotic-naive first episode psychosis and schizophrenia patients are important in understanding the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The research focused on protein-protein interaction networks, highlighting associations with peripheral immune response, neuroinflammation, and pathways related to immune molecules, neurotrophins, and cell junction organization.

CELLS (2021)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Effective Connectivity between Major Nodes of the Limbic System, Salience and Frontoparietal Networks Differentiates Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders from Healthy Controls

Sevdalina Kandilarova et al.

Summary: This study investigated the differences in connectomes between psychiatric patients and healthy controls, revealing that dysfunction in the self-regulation of the salience network may underpin major mental disorders. Key connectome features differentiate mood disorders from schizophrenia, and can serve as potential imaging biomarkers.

JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE (2021)

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Editorial Material Psychiatry