Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Why, When, How?

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy. It is principally associated with liver cirrhosis and chronic liver disease. The major risk factors for the development of HCC include viral infections (HBV, HCV), alcoholic liver disease (ALD,) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The optimal treatment choice is dictated by multiple variables such as tumor burden, liver function, and patient's health status. Surgical resection, transplantation, ablation, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and systemic therapy are potentially useful treatment strategies. TACE is considered the first-line treatment for patients with intermediate stage HCC. The purpose of this review was to assess the indications, the optimal treatment schedule, the technical factors associated with TACE, and the overall application of TACE as a personalized treatment for HCC.

Automated summary

HCC is the most common primary liver malignancy associated with liver cirrhosis and chronic liver disease. Key risk factors for HCC development include viral infections, alcoholic liver disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Treatment options for HCC depend on tumor burden, liver function, and patient's health status, with surgical resection, transplantation, ablation, TACE, and systemic therapy being potential strategies.