Clinical risk scores for stroke correlate with molecular signatures of vulnerability in symptomatic carotid patients

Unstable carotid stenosis is an important cause of ischemic stroke, yet the basis of disease pathophysiology remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that integrated analyses of symptomatic carotid stenosis patients at increased stroke risk stratified by clinical scores, CAR and ABCD2, with transcriptomic and clinical data could improve identification of molecular pathways and targets for instability. We show that high CAR score reflects plaque instability processes related to intra-plaque hemorrhage, angiogenesis, inflammation, and foam cell differentiation, whereas ABCD2 associates with neutrophil-mediated immunity, foamcell differentiation, cholesterol transport, and coagulation. Repressed processes in plaques from high-risk patients were ossification, chondrocyte differentiation, SMC migration, and ECM organization. ABCB5 gene was found as the top upregulated in high-risk patient's plaques, localized tomacrophages in areas with neovascularization and intra-plaque hemorrhage. The link between ABCB5 and intraplaque hemorrhage suggests its key role for plaque instability that warrants further exploration.

Automated summary

Integrated analyses of high-risk symptomatic carotid stenosis patients can lead to better identification of molecular pathways and targets associated with plaque instability.