Neuregulin-1/ErbB4 signaling modulates Plasmodium falciparum HRP2-induced damage to brain cortical organoids

Human cerebral malaria (HCM) is a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum (P.f.) infection that is characterized by capillary occlusions, rupture of the blood-brain barrier (BCC), perivascular cellular injury, and brain swelling. P.f.histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2), a byproduct of parasitized red blood cell (pRBC) lysis, crosses the BBB when compromised to cause brain injury. We hypothesized that HRP2-induced neuronal damage can be attenuated by Neuregulin-1 (NRG1), an anti. inflammatory neuroprotective factor. Using brain cortical organoids, we determined that HRP2 upre6Alated cell death and inflammatory markers and disorganized brain organoid tissue. We identified toll-like receptors (TLR1 and 2) as potential mediators of HRP2-induced cellular damage and inflamation. Exogenous acute treatment of organoids with P4G1 atte lated effects. The results indicate that HRP2 metes malaria-associated HRP2-induced brain injury and inflammation and that NRG1 may be an effective therapy against HRP2 effects in the brain.

Automated summary

Human cerebral malaria is a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection that leads to capillary occlusions, blood-brain barrier rupture, cellular injury, and brain swelling. The parasite-derived HRP2 plays a role in inducing brain injury and inflammation, while the neuroprotective factor NRG1 shows potential as a therapy against HRP2 effects.