期刊
SOLAR RRL
卷 6, 期 8, 页码 -出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/solr.202200267
关键词
conductive atomic force microscopy; low-cost integration; perovskites; solar cell reuse; stability
资金
- project, BEYOND NANO Upgrade [CUP G66J17000350007]
- project, VertiGrow [CUP B15F21004410005]
- Italian Ministry MIUR [CUP B88D19000160005]
- Italian Ministry of Ecological Transition
- ENEA
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development [21A03302 GU, 133, CUP B82C21001820001]
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche within the CRUI-CARE Agreement
In this study, all-inorganic perovskite solar cells were fabricated, and the power conversion efficiency was significantly improved. The addition of europium precursors helped reduce lattice defects. High-temperature annealing was used to enhance the stability of the perovskite phase. Furthermore, the recycling of the cells allowed for the recovery of their performance.
CsPbI3, perovskites are attracting huge interest for their inorganic structure and thanks to a bandgap of 1.69-1.78 eV that makes them suitable for application in tandem solar cells with silicon. Herein, all-inorganic hole-transporting-layer (HTL)-free carbon-based CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells (mC-PSCs) are fabricated, for the first time, by infiltrating CsPbI3 solutions enriched with precursors of Europium into triple mesoscopic structures with mesoporous (mp) materials (mp-TiO2/mp-ZrO2/mp-Carbon). The use of Europium is beneficial to mitigate lattice defect formation during the reaction. Drop casting of the solution is done in air and the black y-phase formation is promoted under dynamic nitrogen flow during high-temperature annealing (350 degrees C), which is preferred to low-temperature treatments to maximize perovskite phase stability. The preparation protocol entrusts the devices with the best power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 9.2% and 5.2% using EuI2 and EuCI3, respectively. Recorded PCE is considerably lower (<2%) in the reference devices prepared without Europium. In addition, the Eu-based devices are recycled to reconvert the photo-inactive yellow s-phase into the photo-active black gamma-phase with the devices losing only approximate to 10% of the efficiency of the original device. Thus, it is demonstrated that mC-PSCs recycling is feasible by exploiting the special feature of the high-temperature black gamma-phase-reversibility.
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