期刊
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
卷 45, 期 -, 页码 14-23出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2021.11.029
关键词
Lithium-ion battery electrolyte; High power; Sub-zero temperature; Interphasial chemistry; Erythritol bis(carbonate)
资金
- Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province [2020B090919001]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [22078144, 21802045]
- Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technology Office of the U.S. DOE through Applied Battery Research for Transportation (ABRT) program [DE-SC0012704]
- DOE Office of Science by Brookhaven National Laboratory [DE-SC0012704]
- Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality
This study addresses the issue of poor performance of lithium-ion batteries at low temperatures by designing and synthesizing a double ethylene carbonate molecule as an electrolyte additive. The electrolyte reduces interphase thickness and impedance, enabling effective charging and discharging of the battery at sub-zero temperatures.
The modern lithium-ion battery (LIB) configuration was enabled by the magic chemistry between ethylene carbonate (EC) and graphitic carbon anode. Despite the constant changes of cathode chemistries with improved energy densities, EC-graphite combination remained static during the last three decades. While the interphase generated by EC protects the fragile graphitic structure, the intrinsic disadvantages of EC (high viscosity, high melting point, excessive interphase growth) lead to mediocre power density and poor performances of LIB at subzero temperatures, where lithium depositions form upon charging. Such performance compromises arise from the fundamental dilemma between requiring effective interphase protection and high impedance from excessive growth of interphase. In this work, we designed and synthesized a double EC molecule as electrolyte additive to resolve the above dilemma. Erythritol bis(carbonate) (EBC) possesses lower LUMO energy level than EC and hence tends to decompose prior to EC reduction, but its weak solvation toward Li+ restricts the extent of its reduction, thus minimizing the interphase thickness and the corresponding impedances. Electrolytes containing EBC enables both the charging and discharging of ampere-size LIB pouch cells at sub-zero temperatures from 0 to -20 degrees C, demonstrating that the key approach to improve low temperature performances lies in how to tailor interphasial chemistry rather than the bulk electrolyte composition.
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