HTLV-1 Is Also a Sexually Transmitted Infection

HTLV-1 is a retrovirus which causes diverse diseases in 10% of its infected population, significantly worsening their quality of life and mortality rate. Even though it is globally distributed and is endemic in many countries (including Peru), it is still highly neglected. It spreads through vertical, sexual and parenteral transmission. As no effective treatment against this virus exist, prevention is required to contain it. The World Health Organization published a technical report on the matter in 2021, with the collaboration of international HTLV-1 experts. However, neither the impact of sexual transmission (cause of the majority of adult cases and infection in non-endemic areas) nor its prevention were considered. Evidence is presented, which shows the magnitude of sexual transmission, its risk factors and preventive measures; hoping it will encourage health workers to help eradicate this infection.

Automated summary

HTLV-1 is a retrovirus that causes various diseases, significantly impacting the quality of life and mortality rate of its infected population. It is neglected despite its global distribution and endemicity in many countries. The virus spreads through vertical, sexual, and parenteral transmission, and prevention measures are crucial due to the lack of effective treatments. This article presents evidence on the magnitude, risk factors, and prevention of sexual transmission, aiming to raise awareness among healthcare workers for eradicating the infection.