期刊
ACS OMEGA
卷 7, 期 15, 页码 13913-13924出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00295
关键词
-
资金
- Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Malaysia [IF0618F1022]
- Universiti Sains Malaysia via the USM RUI grant [1001/PPSK/8012322]
A portable electrochemical device for xylazine detection was developed, integrating an electrochemical paper-based analytical device with a smartphone. The sensor showed excellent accuracy in detecting trace xylazine and has the potential for detecting other illicit drugs.
A portable electrochemical device for xylazine detection is presented for the first time. An electrochemical paper-based analytical device (ePAD) was integrated with a smartphone. The fabrication of the ePAD involved wax printing, low-tack transfer tape, and cutting and screen-printing techniques. Graphene ink was coated on the substrate and modified with nanocoral-like polyaniline, providing an electron transfer medium with a larger effective surface area that promoted charge transfer. The conductive ink on the ePAD presented a thickness of 25.0 +/- 0.9 mu m for an effective surface area of 0.374 cm(2). This sensor was then tested directly on xylazine using differential pulse voltammetry. Two linear responses were obtained: from 0.2 to 5 mu g mL(-1) and from 5 to 100 mu g mL(-1). The detection limit was 0.06 mu g mL(-1). Reproducibility was tested on 10 preparations. The relative standard deviation was less than 5%. The applicability of the sensor was evaluated with beverage samples spiked with trace xylazine. Recoveries ranged from 84 +/- 4 to 105 +/- 2%. The developed sensor demonstrated excellent accuracy in the detection of trace xylazine. It would be possible to develop the portable system to detect various illicit drugs to aid forensic investigations.
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